Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Reptilia | Saurischia | Camarasauridae | Age | Geologic time | 155 - 145 Ma | | Jurassic | |
CamarasaurusThis giant was a common animal in Late Jurassic North America. Its name is taken from the Greek word kamara, meaning vaulted chamber, which refers to its hollow backbone. | Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Mammalia | Perissodactyla | Cambaytheriidae | Age | Geologic time | | | Paleogene | |
CambaytheriumCambaytherium was the size of a pig and likely weighed 45 to 75 pounds. Based on analysis of shapes and surfaces of the long bones of its limbs, Cambaytherium also probably had five finger- or toe-like bones, although Rose hesitated at calling them digits. That number was reduced in perissodactyls as they developed modern hooves. |
Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Mollusca | Cephalopoda | Endocerida | Endoceratidae | Age | Geologic time | 470 - 440 Ma | | Ordovician | | Cameroceras | Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Mammalia | Carnivoria | Canidae | Age | Geologic time | 1 Ma - 16,000 | | Quaternary | | Canis dirus |
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Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Chondrichthyes | Lamniformes | Otodontidae | Age | Geologic time | 18 - 1.6 Ma | | Paleogene | Quaternary | | Carcharodon megalodon | Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Reptilia | Saurischia | Carcharodontosauridae | Age | Geologic time | 100 - 90 Ma | | Cretaceous | | Carcharodontosaurus saharicus |
Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Reptilia | Saurischia | Abelisauridae | Age | Geologic time | 73 - 69.9 Ma | | Cretaceous | |
Carnotaurus sastrei | Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Reptilia | Saurischia | Abelisauridae | Age | Geologic time | 73 - 69.9 Ma | | Cretaceous | |
CarnotaurusPycnomemosaurus and Carnotaurus were South American abelisaurids. These strange Cretaceous theropods with vestigial arms, powerful legs and ornamented heads were the apex predators in their ecosystems. |
Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Reptilia | ? | ? | Age | Geologic time | 248 Ma | | Triassic | |
Cartorhynchus lenticarpusThis Early Triassic creature likely lived in coastal area and behaved like a seal. It is said to be a close cousin to the ancestor of ichthyosaurs, a group of dolphin-like marine reptiles. | Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Mammalia | Rodentia | Castoridae | Age | Geologic time | 3 Ma - 10,000 | | Paleogene | Neogene | Quaternary | | Castoroides ohioensis |
Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Mammalia | Rodentia | Mylagaulidae | Age | Geologic time | | | Neogene | Quaternary | |
CeratogaulusThe horned gopher had a pair of large extensions from its nose, but the exact function is not yet known. At 30 cm (1 ft) long, it is the smallest known mammal to have had horns. | Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Arthropoda | Insecta | Hymenoptera | Formicidae | Age | Geologic time | 99 Ma | | Cretaceous | |
Ceratomyrmex ellenbergeriBack in the Cretaceous, early ants diversified into various shapes and lifestyles. The aptly named "Unicorn ant" was armed with oversized scythe-like mandibles and a bristle-covered horn. |
Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Reptilia | Saurischia | Ceratosauridae | Age | Geologic time | 155 - 145 Ma | | Jurassic | | Ceratosaurus nasicornis | Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Mammalia | Perissodactyla | Chalicotheriidae | Age | Geologic time | 45 - 3.5 Ma | | Paleogene | Neogene | |
Chalicotherium |
Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Reptilia | Ornithischia | Ceratopsidae | Age | Geologic time | 75 - 70 Ma | | Cretaceous | | Chasmosaurus belli | Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Reptilia | Saurischia | Abelisauridae | Age | Geologic time | 68 - 66 Ma | | Cretaceous | |
Chenanisaurus barbaricusLike its cousins found in South America and South Asia, Chenanisaurus had a short face and tiny arms. As an African abelisaur, it gave researchers an insight into how the group spread all around the ancient continent of Gondwana. |
Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Reptilia | Saurischia | Oviraptoridae | Age | Geologic time | 84 - 75 Ma | | Cretaceous | |
Citipati osmolskaeFossils of Citipati have been found sitting on nests in a pose similar to today's birds. With its arms spread, it likely covered the nest with its wings, evidence that strengthens the link between birds and dinosaurs. | Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Chondrichthyes | Cladoselachiformes | Cladoselachidae | Age | Geologic time | 370 - 250 Ma | | Devonian | Carboniferous | Permian | | Cladoselache |
Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Reptilia | Ornithischia | Ceratopsidae | Age | Geologic time | 72.5 - 71.4 Ma | | Cretaceous | |
Coahuilaceratops magnacuernaCoahuilaceratops was a ceratopsian dinosaur, like Triceratops, that was found in the Coahuila state of Mexico. Their horns could grow to 1.2m (4 feet) long, among the largest horns of any dinosaur currently known. | Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Mammalia | Perissodactyla | Rhinocerotidae | Age | Geologic time | 500,000 - 10,000 | | Quaternary | | Coelodonta antiquitatis |
Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Reptilia | Saurischia | Coelophysidae | Age | Geologic time | 225 - 220 Ma | | Triassic | | Coelophysis bauri | Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Reptilia | Avicephala | Weigeltisauridae | Age | Geologic time | 250 Ma | | Triassic | | Coelurosauravus largus |
Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Reptilia | Testudines | Testudinidae | Age | Geologic time | 2 Ma | | Quaternary | | Colossochelys atlas | Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Reptilia | Saurischia | Compsognathidae | Age | Geologic time | 150 Ma | | Jurassic | | Compsognathus longipes |
Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Reptilia | Saurischia | Oviraptoridae | Age | Geologic time | | | Cretaceous | |
Conchoraptor gracilisConchoraptor was a toothless, bird-like dinosaur from the arid environment of Cretaceous period Mongolia. Unlike its relatives, it lacked a crest and may have used its strong beak to feed on hard-shelled mollusks. | Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Mammalia | Artiodactyla | ? | Age | Geologic time | | | Paleogene | |
Coronodon havensteiniCoronodon is a genus of toothed mysticetes from the Early Oligocene. The rostrum of Coronodon is wide, judging by its straight sides and short mandibular symphysis. Despite being similar to some archaeocetes in having a rostrum that is twisted counterclockwise in anterior view, it differs in having posterior teeth with subequal cusps and an upturned anterior process of the maxilla. Coronodon differs from other toothed mysticetes in having anterior lower molars labially overlapping posterior lower molars. |
Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Mammalia | Rodentia | Muridae | Age | Geologic time | 2,000 - 1,000 | | Quaternary | |
CoryphomysCoryphomys is an extinct genus of rats, known from sub-fossils found on Timor. | Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Reptilia | Saurischia | Oviraptoridae | Age | Geologic time | 74 - 70 Ma | | Cretaceous | |
Corythoraptor jacobsiCorythoraptor was a medium-size oviraptorid (about 1.6 meters long), reaching full size at more than eight years of age. Like its relatives, it would've been feathered, with small wings and a toothless beak. It had a characteristic crest different than that of any of oviraptorid which has compared to that of an cassowary. This crest and other features of the skull differentiate it from its closest relative, Huanansaurus. |
Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Mammalia | Carnivoria | Hyaenidae | Age | Geologic time | 0.5 Ma - 11,000 | | Quaternary | |
Crocuta crocuta spelaeaThe cave hyena (Crocuta crocuta spelaea), also known as the Ice Age spotted hyena, was a paleosubspecies of spotted hyena which ranged from the Iberian Peninsula to eastern Siberia. It is one of the best known mammals of the Ice Age and is well represented in many European bone caves. The cave hyena was a highly specialised animal, with its progressive and regressive features being more developed than in its modern African relative. It preyed on large mammals (primarily wild horses, steppe wisent and woolly rhinoceros), and was responsible for the accumulation of hundreds of large Pleistocene mammal bones in areas including horizontal caves, sinkholes, mud pits and muddy areas along rivers. | Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Reptilia | Saurischia | Sinraptoridae | Age | Geologic time | 195 - 190 Ma | | Jurassic | | Cryolophosaurus elliotti |
Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Chordata | Synapsida | Therapsida | Cynognathidae | Age | Geologic time | 245 - 230 Ma | | Triassic | | Cynognathus crateronotus |   |